The 5-Minute Rule for Persuasive Essay Topics about Screenwriting

The 5-Minute Rule for Persuasive Essay Topics about Screenwriting Athletes should not be permitted to move teams. Children should have to read more. Kids need to be able to vote. Animals ought to be equal to humans. Donating blood ought to be mandatory. Personal colleges are far better than state colleges. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. School tests aren't powerful. There's a selection of essay types, and every one of them is able to assist you in developing your abilities and widening your knowledge. To acquire the maximum grade for your essay, you need not just to fill it with pertinent info and dependable facts or examples from your own personal life. Knowing the critical elements in argument essays can allow you to construct arguments which are more logical and ultimately write more persuasively. The central goal of any introduction is presenting the principal idea of your definition essay, in different words, you are to state clearly what you're likely to define. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. For instance, if you're writing about this issue about elite athletes, you could argue that Michael Jordan is an elite athlete due to the skills he has. Before you begin to compose your essay it's wise to produce a list of the points you. Consult our professional writers and you receive the very best hook essay. Silent letters in words ought to be removed. To compose an essay from scratch might appear a complicated job for you. It is beneficial to try to remember that one page of screenplay text is usually understood to represent one particular minute of on-screen action. Find out more about the very first decade of film production to discover what themes were most common. Persuasive writing is quite typical in advertising where marketing professionals attempt to convince you to purchase something. The strategies above can help you learn to compose a great hook for your essay. Our qualified academic experts will assist you in finding an ideal persuasive essay topic according to all of your requirements and compose a custom-tailored model answer. There are many different persuasion strategies that were demonstrated to be the best in an argumentative essay. Below given is a superb assortment of College persuasive paper subjects. Therefore, if your assignment is to compose an essay and you would like professional aid, you need not look any further. Before students begin to write, it is a fantastic idea for them to earn a list of the points they would like to make to their readers. Many students are willing to develop their writing skills. The principal aim of brainstorming is to generate a wide range of special ideas everyone is able to utilize. There are some easy guidelines to follow to be able to be in a position to compose a very good persuasive essay. Each page is going to be dedicated to various skills you will need to be a well-rounded artist, storyteller, entrepreneur and filmmaker. Our primary objective is to satisfy our clients' needs. Getting the Best Persuasive Essay Topics about Screenwriting For instance, you might pick the topic wedding and invent a funny story about a function which goes wrong. Nothing too in-depth, but a general idea about what the film is all about. The film business is a fantastic industry that chronicles human society. There should be sufficient time both for study and rest. however, it isn't always the circumstance. Keep in mind your evidence must attract reason. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a particular age. They should be mandatory for the first five years after getting a license. Although having the ability to write persuasively can look like a tricky thing for children to learn, remind them that everyone has valid opinions. It is suggested to look for the one which has a superior reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive rates. There are lots of online services on the web. A great start is a guarantee of succeeding.

The Importance of Sleep - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1701 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Topics: Behavior Essay Did you like this example? Introduction: The following behavior health journal delves into the benefits of sleeping more hours. Undoubtedly, the brain is the powerhouse that coordinates the body. Just like any engine in an automobile, the brain requires to be reset. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Importance of Sleep" essay for you Create order In human beings, there is no better method to rest the brain other than sleeping. From a laymans perspective, people who are tired occasionally go to bed and get up refreshed because sleeping rejuvenates the brain. From a more scientific viewpoint, Saey (2009) reports that sleep is responsible for forging neural connections that help in preserving system memory. As such, this study implies that people who sleep more are likely to boost their memory significantly. Arguably, this aspect can be attributed to the functioning of the hippocampus part of the brain that enhances memory consolidation; converting short term memories to long term memories. For the most part, however, researchers are unable to exclusively explain how sleep heals the body. Nonetheless, there are numerous research materials that points out to the adversities that are caused by sleep deprivation. To begin with, Lichtenstein (2015) reports that lack of enough sleep may induce or worsen gastro esophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, peptic ulcer disease, colorectal cancer, and liver disease. Furthermore, poor sleeping habits may lead to severe brain and body impairment. When individuals are tired but still refuse to sleep, they force their brain cells to work beyond the optimal limit. In such instances, a burnout is inevitable. Other than that, more research suggests that lack of sleep is associated with mood disorders, obesity, heart disease, and obesity (Alertness Solutions, 2015). Hence, this research proves that sleep is a functional biological aspect in human existence that needs to be taken seriously. Baseline Description of Behavior Until I was obligated to come up with this health journal, I was never really keen on observing my sleeping patterns. However, I can attest that occasionally, the number of hours I slept were associated with my physical and emotional feelings. For instance, one of my busiest weeks was week 9. During this week, I had an exam and therefore I had to be up most of the night reading. In total, I slept an average of 4 hours a day this week and it was exhausting. I would come out of the exam hall feeling very tired. Occasionally, I would also feel dizzy and my peptic ulcers would itch a bit. In addition to that, I noted that I had become quite emotional. I would get angry at my friends for interrupting me during my revision sessions. When Friday finally came, I was relieved that the week was over. In the following week 10, I did not have any specific tasks at hand. So I sought to compensate for the previous weeks lack of sleep. On average, I slept 8 hours for that week. I noticed considerable improvements in my lifestyle. Perhaps, the most significant change was on the side of my peptic ulcers. I experienced little or no pain at all during this week. Other than that, I was relatively calm. I chatted with jovially and felt more inclined to attend the end-of-semester party that a friend has decided to host. In general, this was one of my happiest weeks. For the other weeks not mentioned in this section, I occasionally slept an average of 5-6 hours every week. The experience I had sleeping this duration was not quite noticeable. I can positively conclude that I was operating optimally. My thoughts were clear and my body was responding positively to activities that I did. Interventions: The first intervention that I applied was meant to investigate the association between sleep and optimal performance. I implemented this intervention by following a study that was intended to decipher the performance and fatigue of nurses who work shifts that exceed 12 hours. In this study, the researchers engaged 80 participants by providing them with wrist-worn actigraphs that recorded the number of hours they slept (Geiger-Brown, 2012). They would also key in their level of sleepiness at the beginning of the shift all through towards the end of the shift. The data from the actigraphs was then plotted using a KSS scale that topped at 7. The higher the score, the higher the fatigue. I sought the same device from a lab and found that my KSS score at the beginning of the day (at 7:00 a.m.) was 2.8. By noon it was at 3.1 and by 7 p.m., it was at 3.4. In essence, this shows that my fatigue levels increased as I stayed away from sleep for a longer period. The  second intervention was borrowed from nursing study that sought to determine the relevance of sleep in healing among adult patients. The hypothesis of the study was that lack of sleep may cause acute stress, which hampers the healing process among hospitalized adult patients. This study was mostly appropriate for me because I suffer from peptic ulcers. The more stressed I am the severe my situation becomes. In the study, the researchers featured 37 subjects across three hospital units (Coakley et al., 2012). The study was majorly qualitative; participants were subjected to interviews. Most of them admitted that noise levels in the hospital irritated them considerably. This is because it affected their sleeping patterns hence making them stressed. I decided to conduct the same study for myself but following a different setting. I got to live with a someone and asked them away for half the week. I noticed that in the period when I was alone in the room, I slept in a sound manner as compared to when my roommate was around. The resultant effect was that during the period in which my roommate was away, I did not have to take any medication for peptic ulcers since there were no such complications. The third intervention I applied took on a more educative perspective. Here, I followed research conducted by scholars who wanted to establish a connection between adequate sleep and academic performance. They collected data of 54,111 subjects across 71 institutions (Becker, 2012). From the findings of the study, they concluded that students who slept an average of 8 hours a day registered better performance than those who slept for shorter periods. I applied the same intervention but in a different context. I found content related to my course material and attempted to cram 3 pages. I found two sets of contents. I read the first document after a long tiring day and attempted to write down what I had learnt the next day. For the second document, I attempted to cram it immediately after I woke up and wrote down concepts I had learnt the next day. I discovered that I had retained most of the concepts I had learnt immediately after waking up as compared to that which I read after a tiri ng day. Theoretical Analysis: My behavior and attitudes towards sleep can be elaborated using the scope of three different theories. These include the health belief model, the social cognitive theory, and the trans-theoretical model. According to the health belief model, negative health conditions can be avoided if individuals take the correct action to prevent it. Similarly, the model argues that is totally possible for individuals to take actions to improve their health condition. In this context, this model implies that individuals can prevent the adversities that are caused by poor sleeping patterns by seeking more hours of sleep. Furthermore, this is possible because all people have to do it to create time to sleep. On the other hand, the social cognitive theory provides that individuals can learn good habit by observing what other people are doing. In other words, this theory implies that people often learn and become sensitized during social interactions. With reference to this, I can attest that I was pro mpted to sleep more by observing the benefits that it held for subjects in the research that I went through in the process of completing this project. The trans-theoretical model of behavior change in healthcare follows 6 main stages. Before I started this project, my precontemplation stage involved thoughts that I needed to live a healthier life. And if sleep was part of the solution, I would have to work on it. My contemplation stage followed suit when I stumbled upon research that claimed human beings needs an average period of 8 hours of sleep. Comparing this to my schedule, I only slept an average of five hours. My preparation stage followed suit when I learnt of how people can get more time to sleep by actively managing their time throughout the day. I listened to Laura Vanderkam on principles of time management and learnt that no matter how ?busy I thought I was, I could always create time to sleep. However, my action stage did not come until I began taking deliberate actions to increase the number of hours I slept. This involved hard choices such as missing some of my favorite television programs. The last stage is called t he maintenance stage. To achieve this, I had to create a routine. By following a routine, I would automate the process and make it simpler to follow all while bolstering my health significantly. Conclusion In summary, sleep is a crucial aspect of human life that enhances optimal functioning and good health. Based on research and my personal experience, it can be concluded that sleep promotes better brain functioning. Apart from that, sleeping for longer hours relieves the body from fatigue. For learners, eight or more hours of sleep enhances memory coordination, which improves performance. Other than that, longer periods of sleep have been credited for promoting healing while preventing the contraction or worsening of diseases, especially gastrointestinal illnesses. References Amanda Bulette Coakley PhD, R. N., Christine Donahue Annese MSN, R. N., Sharon Bouvier MS, R. N. (2012). Exploring the sleep experience of hospitalized adult patients. Creative nursing,18(3), 135. Becker, C. M., Adams, T., Orr, C., Quilter, L. (2008). Correlates of quality sleep and academic performance.Health Educator,40(2), 82-89. Geiger-Brown, Jeanne, et al. Sleep, sleepiness, fatigue, and performance of 12-hour-shift nurses.Chronobiology international29.2 (2012): 211-219. Lichtenstein, G. R. (2015). The Importance of Sleep.Gastroenterology hepatology,11(12), 790. Saey, T. H. (2009). The Science of Slumber. Science news. The Importance of Sleep. (2013). Alertness Solutions. Retrieved from https://aspiria.myworklifeportal.com/Mcmasteruni/importance-of-sleep.pdf

The Pros and Cons of Participant Observation Essay

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Participant Observation as a Research Method This essay will examine how participant observation is used as a research method. In the main body of this essay, this idea will be addressed by pointing out advantages and disadvantages of participant observation. I will give examples to support my argument. Participant observation is the main research method favoured by interpetitivists. It involves the researcher participating in a social group to observe and experience the world as a participant while still observing the group for future analasys of their behaviour from the researchers point of view. The researcher must decide how he will approach†¦show more content†¦There are both advantages and disadvantages to participant observation. Participants face the problem of objectivity, it is often very time consuming, for example, Beverly Skeggs (1997), spent 12 years researching the lives of women on a caring course in England. Participants also face dangers and can also find themselves in situations they find morally unacceptable or illegal. Quantitative researchers samples are too small and while the researcher may get the bulk of his/her information from structured questions, they are not getting peoples true opinions. The conclusions can only apply to the specific group which the researcher has studied and cannot be generalised or replicated. The observer himself decides what information to select or omit and the fact that the observer is present in overt observations, it is believed that the group will not act naturally. This therefore questions the validity of the data collected. There are also many advantages to participant observation compared with other research methods. 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The cons would be that you would have a variety of communication (technology) (Editorial Board 2012). Then you would have a variation of the time and of the place for the interviewer as well as the participant, then third you would have some additional time if you would need to take some notes instead of having to record the interview. The face-to-face method pros would be that you are able to record theRead MoreQuantitative Methods and Analysis Unit 1 Db755 Words   |  4 Pageslooking for in the child. There are several pros and cons for a face-to-face interview method. The cons would be that you would have a variety of communication (technology) (Editorial Board 2012). Then you would have a variation of the time and of the place for the interviewer as well as the participant, then third you would have some additional time if you would need to take some notes instead of having to record the interview. 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The patients descried pros of their disorder as helping them feel safe, making them feel more attractive, helping them feel in control, letting them avoid uncomfortable emotions, and last, helping them feel different or special. The cons the patients described were the constant thoughts about food, feeling controlled by food, loss ofRead MoreLiterature Review on Tesco and Impact of Recession1682 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this paper is to provide the details of the philosophies and the strategies that are being adopted to carry out the research successfully, providing the details of the suitable ones that are being adopted. This study also discusses the pros and cons of the philosophies, strategies and the research approaches that are being adopted. Various types of data collection tools are being used as a means for gathering data. 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Lit Review - 1303 Words

Literature paper 2/27/14 A Simple Heart Trying to figure out how Flaubert wanted readers to view religion in his short story â€Å"A Simple Heart† is challenging at times. Felicite has been misunderstood by many regarding her representation of religion. Her innocence is not to be look at as a burden, it allows her to share a good relationship with the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit had been reduced to taxidermy as it portrayed as Felicite’s per parrot Loulou. Felicite’s spiritual world had been reduced to something not permanent made the story difficult to evaluate the seriousness in regards to religion. After reevaluating the role Loulou played on Felicite’s life. â€Å"A Simple Heart† becomes a spiritual journey. With an open†¦show more content†¦Felicite was completely unaware of what a great gift she truly had with her faith. Even the toughest times with Mme. Aubain slandering Felicite’s family, she disregards it as a mother who misses her own child. One of the most memorable instances of Felicite’s forgiving nature is when she asks for Fabu on her deathbed, the butcher who was suspected of poisoning Loulou. Felicite wished to remove all ill feelings towards him to cleanse her soul: â€Å"Forgive me, she said, making an effort to stretch out her arm. I thought it was you who had killed him† (1844). It was Felicite’s faith that gave her the capability to forgive the man who took her greatest treasure. Her religion gave her the ability to focus on a person only to benefit them not herself. In the end, Felicite comes full circle in regards to her religion. Loulou was not instant connection to the Holy Spirit. [The meaning of this sentence is unclear. Are you the writer of this paper stating this contrary to the information from the rest of your paper, or is this the do ubt Felicite feels at this point in the story? Make sure your language is clear so that your reader can follow effectively.] At one point Felicite thinks about the Holy Spirit while viewing the stained glass window siting at church (1841). She hears stories about doves at church, which sparks her interest in Loulou. The parrotShow MoreRelatedLit Review1861 Words   |  8 Pagesalways found its way into the next great technological advancement, and now is no exception. The sudden burst of social media websites onto the scene has created an avenue for business to target specific and large amounts of people. This literature review will discuss just how companies have altered their marketing ways to keep up with the times in an every growing industry where the competition level is set exceedingly high. 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Existentialism Vs. Determinism Essay - 783 Words

Free Will nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Analyzing our individual free will can be very intriguing and can almost reach the point of being paradoxical. Ultimately, free will determines the level of responsibility we claim for our actions. Obviously, if outside forces determine our choices, we cannot be held responsible for our actions. However, if our choices are made with total freedom than certainly we must claim responsibility for our choices and actions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The readings I chose offered two quite opposite theories on individual human freedom, determinism vs. existentialism. In comparing†¦show more content†¦It teaches that all human actions are determined by such things as early childhood experiences thus relinquishing us from total responsibility for our actions caused by such determining factors. However, if my actions were the result of my own reasoning exclusive of outside factors than I must take responsibility for my choices. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In total contrast with determinism, existentialism professes the complete freedom of the human being. The particular reading I read dealt with atheistic existentialism, this view of personal freedom rejected a belief in God, feeling that it would be incompatible with the uncertainty and harsh reality of life during the time of two wars. This view shared that a person was not ruled by heredity or environment but was always free at any time to make his own choices. Due to the denial of God, this theory held that there were no existing moral laws, thus, individuals were free to determine their own human nature through choices for which they stand accountable (existentialism, in general, emphasizes what makes each life a unique personal experience as opposed to any existing moral laws). â€Å"Authentic† living involves free choices that allows the individual to become his own person. The big difference betweenShow MoreRelatedDeterminism And Its Effects On Life Paths870 Words   |  4 Pagespreconceived path that can be very cumbersome to deviate from. The path may be hard to digress from, but it is still possible for humans to determine their own outcomes and life paths, because we have free will and free will allows us to do this. Determinism is the belief that our lives are already decided and set in motion, and that we can change our actions but are unable to change our destiny that is already set forth. 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The public is shown through all of Steinbeck’s novels that they mainly consist of a â€Å"curious blend of scientific determinism, romantic mysticism, and a rudimentary, often allegorical, type of symbolism† (â€Å"John Ernst Steinbeck† 2). Steinbeck presents the reader with a relatable idea and elaborates on the idea throughout the novel. In The Grapes of Wrath we are presentedRead MoreDependence On What Matters The Most : Rough Draft2755 Words   |  12 PagesHis use of symbols to represent ideas and qualities compliments his writing in an immaculate way and always keeps the reader on edge. The public is shown through all of Steinbeck’s novels that they mainly consist of a â€Å"curious blend of scientific determinism, romantic mysticism, and a r udimentary, often allegorical, type of symbolism† (â€Å"John Ernst Steinbeck† 2). Steinbeck presents the reader with a relatable idea and elaborates on the idea throughout the novel. In The Grapes of Wrath we are presentedRead MoreEssay on Nature vs. Nurture: The Biology of Sexuality2705 Words   |  11 Pagesand women are complement rather than different. Moreover, it is proven that hormones have some influences on males and females behaviour, especially upon animals. Nevertheless unlike animals, human being should be able to escape from this determinism because he is fitted with a brain and mind. According to the article from  «Ã‚  Le Monde  Ã‚ », titled  «Ã‚  Nous avons tous des cerveaux diffà ©rents  Ã‚ », if biological constraints would have an impact on mens and womens behaviour, we should expected to invariant

Evidence Based Acute Care Nursing

Question: Would Poster presentation demonstrate clear alignment to intent of poster abstract. Demonstrate strong and succinct expansion of main points of poster abstract within presentation. Poster demonstrates an astutely applied and comprehensive knowledge of the topic/project. Can accurately and comprehensively respond to all questions thus demonstration a high level knowledge of the poster topic/project. Content and depth of presentation/poster demonstrates strong ability to educate and inform the professional development of intended audience. Outstanding logical presentation of the topic/project with clear consideration given to intended audience in regards to poster layout and presentation. Demonstrate a high degree of creativity in poster layout. No spelling, punctuation or grammatical errors Answer: Introduction: Evidence based acute care practice is a nothing but the way of utilizing available evidence at best level or we can say knowledge about the needs of individual patients and accomplishing the decisions over it regarding to improve outcomes. While research, benchmarking and clinical expertise all together it will form best evidence. It is also proved by researchers that when decisions are based on expert nursing experiences and also have scientific evidence behind their concluded decision then it will generate best result for patients health and their families (Berke et al., 2011). It is always being expected from the nurses that during their clinical decision making nurses have to use the best available evidence. According to discussion over International Council of Nurses, It was discussed that nurses have a professional obligation towards society for providing care which has to be reviewed constantly along with researching and validating on it. Standard of care for acute care nursing practice: It is intended that standard of care should used with the expertise scope because they are related to the role and limitations of acute care nurses practice. The acute and critical care nurses provide care to their patient on appropriate standard. How the standards have to be met is described by the measurement criteria of nursing practice. Relevant theories, researches and evidence characterize the acute care nursings professional practice as well as they provide guidelines in order to explain human behavior and related phenomena. It is identified that the acute care nurses needs various resources during their practice setting, support and in order to get access for education program continuation which is equivalent to research and the practice which is based on evidences (Hjorland and Birger, 2011). Standard 1: Assessment The nurses attending the acute ill patient collects relevant data required and necessary regarding to the patient situation. Criteria of measurement: Nurses collect the data from the patient, their family, health care professionals and also from the people as and where required in order to create chart of patient needs According to patients characteristics priorities of data collection are decided, it is also based on immediate condition and anticipated needs. Particular evidence based techniques and instrument are used in terms of collecting pertinent and sufficient information. To make decisions on patient conditions formal knowledge matching is necessary along with clinical findings. After all the process appropriate data are recorded as a document That recorded data are discussed with the healthcare professionals to conclude more evidence based decision. Standard 2: Diagnosis The nurses attending the acute ill patient analyze the collected data through assessment to determine diagnosis and care issues. Measurement criteria: The assessment document is used in order to diagnose and care issues These diagnosis and care issue are then validated and discussed throughout the treatment by nurses with the patient, or their family and whenever required also validated through other health care professionals across the healthcare system. The issues related to diagnosis and health of patient are then categorize according to priority and recorded for facilitating the prioritized outcome and to develop or modify the plan. Standard 3: Outcome determination Nurses attending to the patients who are acutely ill identify outcomes for the patient depending on their current health circumstances. Measurement criteria: Whatever outcome is derived is absolutely based upon the actual diagnoses and the issues occur during the care Outcomes are formulated in conjunction with the patient clinical history, health examination, functional and risk assessment, also with their family and other health provider which is related to their level of response when decision making is conducted (Dale, 2005). Outcomes are recognized, appreciated and incorporated with differences. Outcomes are based upon different factors such as resource available, risk associated with it, current evidences and clinical expertise and cost. In order to continue care outcome plays important role and also provides evidence. Outcomes include a target date for attainment. Standard 4: Planning Plan has been developed by nurses who attends acutely ill patient with given interventions to get appropriate result Measurement criteria: The plan includes characteristics of patients health and current situation To develop the plan patient, their family and healthcare providers has been concerned and also collaborate with them in terms of promoting contributions of each member for achieving good health outcome. Current best evidence is reflected by the plan Continuity of care is provided by the plan and it proceeds along with matching nurses competencies with the characteristics of patients. Priorities of care have been established by the healthcare plan It is taken care that plan should provide strategies for promoting and restoring good health of patient and prevent the acutely ill patient from further illness, injuries and disease Available resources and economic condition effect the plan Standard 5: Implementation Plan implementation, coordination of care delivery and strategies employment are accomplishes by the nurse caring for acutely ill patient, intended to encourage healthy and safe atmosphere around the patient, so that they can feel better and respond quickly to given treatment. Measurement criteria: During implementation intervention are delivered for reducing the complication and avoiding critical condition To implement the plan contribution of patient and family is very important as per their capabilities All the things that is the plan has to implement and modifications are documented Standard 6: Evaluation Progress has been evaluated by nurses attending and caring the acutely ill patients for getting best health outcomes. Measurement criteria: If there is requirement then the patient, their family members and professionals are involved in the process of evaluation and decision making After initiating the interventions evaluation has been occur during appropriate time frame Professional performance standards: Competent level of behavior has been described by the standard of professional performance in the professional role; it includes activities which relate to professional care quality, its evaluation, education and other standards (French, 2002). Measurement criteria are given to describe and evaluate for meeting appropriate standard of professional performance. Though it explains entire expectation of nurses who handles acutely ill patients, their certification they demonstrates additional methods of professionalism. Reference List: Berke, D.M., Rozell, C.A., Hogan, T.P., Norcross, J.A., Karpiak, C.P. (April 2011)."What clinical psychologists know about evidence-based practice: familiarity with online resources and research methods".Journal of Clinical Psychology67(4): 329339. Hjorland, Birger (2011)."Evidence based practice: An analysis based on the philosophy of science".Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology62(7): 130110. Dale AE (2005). "Evidence-based practice: compatibility with nursing".Nurs Stand19(40): 4853. French P (February 2002)."What is the evidence on evidence-based nursing? An epistemological concern".J Adv Nurs37(3): 2507

The Importance of Memory in Margaret Atwoods free essay sample

For this essay I aim to show the importance of memory and of remembering the past in The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood. The Handmaid’s Tale is a ‘speculative fiction’ first published in 1985 but set in the early 2000s. The novel was in response to changes in US politics with the emergence of Christian fundamentalism, the New Right. Atwood believed that society was going wrong and wrote this savage satire, similar to Jonathan Swift’s ‘A Modest Proposal’, depicting a dystopia which she uses as a mirror to hold up to society. I will be focusing on the main character and narrator, Offred, â€Å"a handmaid who mingles memories of her life before the revolution with her rebellious activities under the new regime† (book group corner), as she struggles to cope in the oppressive world of Gilead which is slowly suffocating her mind, in which memory is her only way of escape, her only way to keep her mind sane. To show the importance of memory to Offred’s life, I must also look at the changes in the Gilead society and how these changes affected Offred. For this I will give a brief summary of the rules set down in Gilead and their reasons for them. The Republic of Gilead is a country formed within the borders of what was formerly the United States of America. It is a militaristic Christian state that has replaced the former Democratic Government after a violent takeover following the assassination of the President. The rise of toxic pollution and sexually transmitted diseases has â€Å"caused widespread sterility and a decline of Caucasian births† (Cengage). The state is now ruled by a dominant male regime and is founded on fundamentalist biblical principles. There is also a social hierarchy which is specifically designed to promote controlled reproduction. In other words, women have become vessels whose main purpose in this society is for procreation. Women who are fertile and unmarried are recruited as Handmaids, a glorified concubine who is sent to a Commander or other high ranking state official and his for whatever reason infertile wife. In its society, women are not allowed to speak in public, have no desire for sex and not think of themselves with rights. Memory plays an important part in the novel. Throughout the entire novel, Offred is reminded of past things by things she sees or smells around her. She remembers the gymnasium in chapter one and wishes to remember its smell. She becomes in a way nostalgic as she recalls the smell of sweat but describing it as a pungent scent as sweat is usually not describe as a desirable â€Å"scent†. Offred remembers her life before the coming of Gilead, when she had a job, a husband, a daughter and a life. â€Å"She had been a witness to the dissolution of the old America into the totalitarian theocracy that it now is, and she tries to reconcile the warning signs with reality: We lived in the gaps between the stories. †(Newman). Offred often lapses into past memories. â€Å"These memories provider her with relief from the brutality of her new life, in which her body has become a cause of discomfort for her† (Newman) similarly to people in prison (Liebling 320). She has shadowy memories of her former life with glimpses of her university friend Moira, her husband Luke and her freedom. She is reminded of the way she used to dress when she sees some Japanese tourists who are dressed in â€Å"skirts [that] reach just below her knee†¦ thrusting the buttocks out† (38 Atwood) compared to the long and heavy red gowns all handmaids wore. She also looks at the high heeled shoes the tourists are wearing, describing them as â€Å"delicate instruments of torture† (38). Offred is already becoming used to the ways of Gilead and is slighted shocked by the ‘obscure’ dress of the tourists. To describe the shoes as â€Å"delicate† suggests that she once cared for shoes like it. However, describing them as â€Å"instruments of torture† suggests that she wants to forget about these type of shoes as she is no longer allowed wear them. This painful battle between memory and reality is what Offred and the other Handmaids have to deal with. An example of how memories can be a curse to the handmaids of Gilead is Janine, another handmaid, who after witnessing and partaking in the killing of a â€Å"traitor† at a Salvaging, who is accused of raping a woman, goes mad. She forgets where she is and remembers her past life as a waitress. The line between fantasizing about the past and the harsh reality of her new life breaks down. She smiles blankly at the other Handmaids and asks them how they are doing. She had a lapse similar to this at the Red Centre where Handmaids were taught how to act in this new regime. Janine’s mental state was frail to begin with and her automatic reaction to scenes of brutality or stress set off her memories of her previous life. Janine’s breakdown shows how memories affect us. Janine cannot handle the deprivation she is now faced with compared to the freedoms of her past. There is a strong link between memories and hope. Raffaela Baccolini discusses this link in her article The Persistence of Hope in Dystopian Science Fiction. She says that â€Å"Utopia is maintained in dystopia, traditionally a bleak, depressing genre with no space for hope in the story, only outside the story. Offred does not have much, if anything, to stimulate herself with mentally. She is in a bare room with shatterproof glass that has been ‘made safe’ to prevent her from committing suicide. Her only escape is her mind which harbours her memories. She has no â€Å"hope† in her story, which is her life, but she does have hope â€Å"outside† her stor y, which is her mind and her memories. Offred is kept alive by her inner life or â€Å"story†, and reality and history become a kind of united delusion. She thinks back on Luke and remembers love and what it meant to be loved. The memory pains her but also keeps her strong. â€Å"Falling in love, we said; I fell for him. We were falling women. We believed in it, this downward motion: so lovely, like flying, and yet at the same time so dire, so extreme, so unlikely. God is love, they once said, but we reversed that, and love, like heaven, was always just around the corner. The more difficult it was to love the particular man beside us, the more we believed in Love, abstract and total. We were waiting, always, for the incarnation. That word, made flesh. And sometimes it happened, for a time. That kind of love comes and goes and is hard to remember afterwards, like pain. You would look at the man one day and you would think, I loved you, and the tense would be past, and you would be filled with a sense of wonder, because it was such an amazing and precarious and dumb thing to have done; and you would know too why your friends had been evasive about it, at the time. There is a good deal of comfort, now, in remembering this. † (237,38) Offred was different to most handmaids as she did not give up hope on a better future. She clasped onto her memories as a form of escape but also as a tool to stay focused and being prepared for when the regime would crumble. During her courtship with Nick, the memories of Luke plagued her and she constantly battled with herself each time she went to visit Nick. She felt she was ‘cheating’ on Nick as she still had the strong hope that she would see him again. This hope that Offred carried with her would be her savior. It is important to note that Offred forgets certain things that seem so normal to the reader. Within the new society, certain words are no longer to be used or said. This goes especially for women. For example ‘sterile’ is an outlawed word (161). When hearing her doctor say it during a routine checkup she is taken aback as she has forgotten it being in use. Handmaids also have a certain way they must talk and address each other. â€Å"Hello† is a greeting from the past and when the Commander greets her with it she is instantly nervous. â€Å"It’s the old form of greeting. I haven’t heard it for a long time, for years. Under the circumstances it seems out of place, comical even, a flip backwards in time, a stunt. I think of nothing appropriate to say in return. † (172). For something as basic as â€Å"Hello† to seem â€Å"comical† shows the reader how different Gilead is to the past. Also she cannot respond to the greeting, as she has forgotten it. Handmaids are also not allowed to write. When she finds a Latin phrase â€Å"Nolite te bastardes carborundorum† scratched into her wardrobe she obsesses over it, wondering what it means and what the handmaid who wrote it might be like. All these things that would have been normal in her past life now excite Offred, they stimulate her. Because she has not seen or heard certain things since the formation of Gilead, they seem strange and foreign, similar to the effect the Japanese tourist had. Her memories of her past life are what keep her in good mental health in the challenging times of Gilead. Her memories often slip into her mind while she is telling a completely different story of her present. Gayle Grenne writes that â€Å"episodes set in the past alternate with episodes set in the present until, in the end, past becomes present†. This is in regards to the style the novel was written.